A protein electrophoresis serum test examines the quantity and nature of proteins in your blood. It detects and tracks diseases. Some of these are liver disease, kidney disease, multiple myeloma, and immune disorders. You will learn in this article why you should undergo this test. You will also learn how it is performed, its cost, availability, and how it is analyzed.
What is a serum protein electrophoresis test?
Our human blood contains albumins and globulins. They are used for fluid balance. They transport nutrients and also contribute to your immune system.
Your protein electrophoresis serum blood test will analyze these proteins. Doctors utilize it to test for diseases like liver disease, kidney disease, immune disorders and multiple myeloma.
On taking the blood test serum protein electrophoresis, a tiny blood sample is extracted. The specimen is placed on a special kind of silica fused capillary. An electric field is applied. The different ions or molecules in the sample will migrate at different speeds based on their size-to-charge ratio. The results form bands that help doctors find problems.
Key protein groups analyzed:
● Albumin: Keeps fluid balance and transports substances
● Alpha-1 globulins: Help with immunity and inflammation
● Alpha-2 globulins: Transport iron and copper
● Beta globulins: Help with fat transport and immunity
● Gamma globulins: Contain antibodies that fight infections
Why is the Test Done?
The test are to due to following reasons
- Multiple Myeloma
- Liver Disorders.
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Inflammatory Disorders.
- Monitoring: It's also used to track the progress of diseases like multiple myeloma by monitoring changes in monoclonal protein levels.
When Should You Go For This Test?
Your doctor may ask you to get this test if you experience symptoms related to protein problems in your blood, such as:
● Unexplained weight loss
● Weak bones or frequent bone breaking
● Bone pain
● Severe fatigue
● Nausea
● Constipation
● Excessive thirst
● Back pain
The following symptoms may be due to certain medical conditions, such as:
● Cancer
● Thyroid disease
● Diabetes
● Anemia
● Liver disease
● Malnutrition
● Certain autoimmune diseases
● Multiple sclerosis
What Are The Risks Associated With The Test?
Your blood will be taken by the lab technician and it is very safe. The risk is very low.
Some minor risks do exist when blood is drawn. These may involve:
● Bruising
● Discomfort or pain - While Taking several attempts to find a vein
● Dizziness or fainting
● Having a tiny blood clot under the skin (hematoma)
● Having a slight risk of infection because the skin is broken
How To Prepare Yourself for the test?
You won't require any special preparation. Fasting is not required but if your physician instructed then you may be required to fast for 8 to 10 hours before the test.
A laboratory technician will withdraw your blood using a needle. You will feel a small pinching feeling when the needle goes through your skin. Some people may experience little pain. You may see a little bruising at the area where the needle was inserted. But don’t worry, this will go away quickly.
How is the Test Performed?
The test is simple and this is how it is performed:
● Blood Collection: A small blood sample is taken from your arm
● Lab Processing: The serum is separated from blood cells
● Electrophoresis: An electric current moves proteins to form bands
● Analysis: Doctors examine the band pattern for issues
The test is quick. Soon after, you can get back to your regular activities.
How To Interpret the Results?
Interpreting results requires medical expertise:
● High Albumin: May mean dehydration or high protein intake
● Low Albumin: Can indicate liver disease, malnutrition, or kidney issues
● High Alpha Globulins: May point to inflammation or infection
● Abnormal Beta Globulins: Linked to lipid disorders or infections
● High Gamma Globulins: Often linked to multiple myeloma or autoimmune diseases
● M-Spike (Monoclonal Bands): Suggests multiple myeloma or plasma cell disorders
If results are abnormal, more tests may be needed to evaluate further like Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE).
What Does Abnormal Result Indicate?
An abnormal result in Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) can indicate a wide range of conditions, from dehydration or malnutrition to more serious diseases like liver disease, kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, infections, or plasma cell disorders (e.g., multiple myeloma). The results interpretation should always be evaluated in conjunction with patient history. It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider for further testing and diagnosis to understand the underlying cause and determine the appropriate course of action.
Cost and Availability of the Test
The serum protein electrophoresis test price can differ. In Hyderabad and other metro cities, it is available from Rs 1000 to Rs.1300/-. Costs of the tests are usually influenced by factors like:
● Insurance company
● Lab Fees
Final Words
The protein electrophoresis serum test helps detect health issues. It tracks protein levels and identifies diseases. You should learn how this test is conducted if your doctor suggests it to you. This will help you understand the results readily. Nevertheless, never try to read the results on your own. Always go to your doctor for the correct diagnosis. Follow your doctor's suggestion for the next steps.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is this test used for?
It checks protein levels to detect multiple myeloma, immune issues, and kidney disease.
2. When to look for the test results?
You will get your test results in 24 to 48 hours.
3. Is fasting needed for this test?
No, you should not fast unless your doctor says so.
4. Are there any risks?
You might face just mild discomfort or bruising from the needle.
